Uncertainties surrounding the origins and classification of these disorders have generated recurrent, often heated controversies among clinicians and academicians in different eras. The current classification of these disorders has evolved over centuries from common historical roots in a syndrome previously known as hysteria that has been interlinked in some periods with spiritual maladies. The relationships among dissociative, somatoform, and conversion disorders have long been uncertain and uneasy in the history of efforts to classify and understand them. A new phenomenologically-based classification scheme for these disorders is proposed that is more compatible with the agnostic and atheoretical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders used by the current classification system. This review clarifies the need for a major conceptual revision of the current classification of these disorders. Examination of the long history of the conceptual difficulties, which remain inherent in existing classification schemes for these disorders, can help to address the continuing controversy. The classification of disorders formerly known as hysteria and phenomenologically-related syndromes has long been contentious and unsettled. This article then considers the extensive phenomenological overlap across these disorders in empirical research, and from this foundation presents a new model for the conceptualization of these disorders. This article examines the history of the conceptualization of dissociative, conversion, and somatoform syndromes in relation to one another, chronicles efforts to classify these and other phenomenologically-related psychopathology in the American diagnostic system for mental disorders, and traces the subsequent divergence in opinions of dissenting sectors on classification of these disorders.
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